E

Ease of handling

Zachariah, N., Murthy, T.G., Borges, R.M. (2020).
Moisture alone is sufficient to impart strength but not weathering resistance to termite mound soil.
Royal Society Open Science 7:200485.

Zachariah, N., Das, A., Murthy, T.G., Borges, R.M. (2017).
Building mud castles: perspectives from brick-laying termites.
Scientific Reports (Nature).

Ecological Clock

Borges, R.M. (2008).
Why are there so many giants, including giant squirrels, in the Old World tropics?
Current Science 95:866–970 [Invited paper in Special Section on Arboreal Squirrels].

Ecology

Venkateshwaran, V. & Borges, R.M. (2021).
Staying in the club: Exploring criteria governing metacommunity membership for obligate symbionts under host–symbiont feedback.
Journal of Theoretical Biology. 510:110512.

Gupta, S., Kumble, A.L.K., Dey, K., Bessière, J.-M., Borges, R. M. (2021).
The scent of life: phoretic nematodes use wasp volatiles and carbon dioxide to choose functional vehicles for dispersal.
Journal of Chemical Ecology 47:139–152.

Gupta, S., & Borges, R. M. (2020).
Hopping on: Conspecific traveller density within a vehicle regulates parasitic hitchhiking between ephemeral microcosms.
Journal of Animal Ecology.

Somanathan, H., Krishna, S., Jos, E. M., Gowda, V., Kelber, A., Borges, R.M. (2020).
Nocturnal Bees Feed on Diurnal Leftovers and Pay the Price of Day – Night Lifestyle Transition.
Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution.

Venkateswaran, V., Kumble, A.L., Borges, R.M. (2018).
Resource dispersion influences dispersal evolution of highly insulated insect communities.
Biology Letters 14:20180111.

Borges, R. M., Compton, S. G., Kjellberg, F. (2018).
Fifty years later, figs and their associated communities.
Acta Oecologica, 90:1–3.

Yadav, P., Borges, R.M. (2018).
Why resource history matters: age and oviposition history affect oviposition behaviour in exploiters of a mutualism.
Ecological Entomology.

Borges, R.M. (2018).
Dark matters: challenges of nocturnal communication between plants and animals in delivery of pollination services.
Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine 91: 33–42.

Yadav, P., Desireddy, S., Kasinathan, S., Bessière, J.-M., Borges, R.M. (2018).
History matters: oviposition resource acceptance in an exploiter of a nursery pollination mutualism.
Journal of Chemical Ecology 44:18–28.

Krishnan, A., Borges, R.M. (2018).
A fig tree in a concrete jungle: fine-scale population genetic structure of the cluster fig Ficus racemosa in an urban environment.
Urban Ecosystems 21:171–181.

Venkateswaran, V., Shrivastava, A., Kumble, A.L., Borges, R.M. (2017).
Life-history strategy, resource dispersion and phylogenetic associations shape dispersal of a fig wasp community.
Movement Ecology 5:25.

Katariya, L., Ramesh, P.B., Gopalappa, T., Desireddy, S., Bessière, J.-M., Borges, R.M. (2017).
Fungus-farming termites selectively bury weedy fungi that smell different from crop fungi.
Journal of Chemical Ecology 43:986–995.

Katariya, L., Ramesh, P.B., Gopalappa, T., Borges, R.M. (2017).
Sex and diversity: the mutualistic and parasitic fungi of a fungus-growing termite differ in genetic diversity and reproductive strategy.
Fungal Ecology 26:20–27.

Junker, R.R., Kuppler, J., Amo, L., Blande, J.D., Borges, R.M., Dam, N.M., Dicke, M., Dötterl, S., Ehlers, B.K., Etl, F., Gershenzon, J. et al. (2017).
Covariation and phenotypic integration in chemical communication displays: biosynthetic constraints and eco‐evolutionary implications.
New Phytologist.

Somanathan, H., Borges, R.M., Warrant, E.J., Kelber, A. (2017).
Visual adaptations for mate detection in the male carpenter bee Xylocopa tenuiscapa.
PLoS One 12:e0168452.

Borges, R.M., Somanathan, H., Kelber, A. (2016).
Patterns and processes in nocturnal and crepuscular pollination.
Quarterly Review of Biology 91:389–418.

Borges, R.M. (2016).
On the air: broadcasting and reception of volatile messages in brood-site pollination mutualisms.
Pages 227–255 In Deciphering Chemical Language of Plant Communication (James D Blande, Robert Glinwood, Editors), Springer International Publishing.

Bain, A., Borges, R.M., Chevallier, M.H., Vignes, H., Kobmoo, N., Peng, Y.Q., Cruaud, A., Rasplus, J.Y., Kjellberg, F. and Hossaert-Mckey, M. (2016).
Geographic structuring into vicariant species-pairs in a wide-ranging, high- dispersal plant–insect mutualism: the case of Ficus racemosa and its pollinating wasps.
Evolutionary Ecology 30:663–684.

Hossaert-McKey, M., Proffit, M., Soler, C.C.L., Chen, C., Bessière, J.-M., Schatz, B., Borges, R.M. (2016).
How to be a dioecious fig: Chemical mimicry between sexes matters only when both sexes flower synchronously.
Nature Scientific Reports 6:21236.

Ranganathan, Y., Bessiere, J. M., Borges, R. M. (2015).
A coat of many scents: cuticular hydrocarbons in multitrophic interactions of fig wasps with ants.
Acta Oecologica, 67:24–33.

Borges, R. M. (2015).
Fruit and seed volatiles: Multiple stage settings, actors and props in an evolutionary play.
Journal of the Indian Institute of Science 95:93–104[Special issue on Plant Volatiles: R.M. Borges was Guest Editor].

Chanam, J., Kasinathan, S., Pramanik, G.K., Jagdeesh, A., Joshi, K.A., Borges, R.M. (2015).
Foliar extrafloral nectar of Humboldtia brunonis (Fabaceae), a paleotropical ant-plant, is richer than phloem sap and more attractive than honeydew.
Biotropica 47:1–5.

Krishnan, A., Pramanik, G. K., Revadi, S. V., Venkateswaran, V., Borges, R.M. (2014).
High temperatures result in smaller nurseries which lower reproduction of pollinators and parasites in a brood site pollination mutualism.
PLOS ONE 9: e115118.

Chanam, J., Sheshshayee, M.S., Kasinathan, S., Jagdeesh, A., Joshi, K.A., Borges, R.M. (2014).
Nutritional benefits from domatia inhabitants in an ant–plant interaction: interlopers do pay the rent.
Functional Ecology 28:1107–1116 [Paper was featured in New Scientist].

Krishnan, A., Borges, R.M. (2014).
Parasites exert conflicting selection pressures to affect reproductive asynchrony of their host plant in an obligate pollination mutualism.
Journal of Ecology 102:1329–1340.

Krishnan, A., Joshi, K.A., Abraham, A., Ayyub, S., Lahiry, M., Mukherjee, R., Javadekar, S.M., Narayan, V., Borges, R.M. (2013).
Finding hidden females in a crowd: Mate recognition in fig wasps.
Acta Oecologica 57:80–87.

Borges, R.M., Bessière, J-M, Ranganathan, Y. (2013).
Diel variation in fig volatiles across syconium development: making sense of scents.
Journal of Chemical Ecology 39:630–642.

Shenoy, M., Radhika, V., Satish, S., Borges, R.M. (2012).
Composition of extrafloral nectar influences interactions between the myrmecophyte Humboldtia brunonis and its ant associates.
Journal of Chemical Ecology 38:88–99.

Borges, R.M., Ranganathan, Y., Krishnan, A., Ghara, M., Pramanik, G. (2011).
When should fig fruit produce volatiles? Pattern in a ripening process.
Acta Oecologica 37:611–618.

Ranganathan, Y., Borges, R.M. (2011).
To transform or not to transform: that is the dilemma in the statistical analysis of plant volatiles.
Plant Signaling & Behaviour 6:113–116 [Invited paper].

Dev, S. A., Kjellberg, F., Hossaert-McKey, M., Borges, R.M. (2010).
Fine- scale population genetic structure of two dioecious keystone species Ficus hispida and Ficus exasperata.
Biotropica 43:309–316.

Ranganathan, Y., Ghara, M., Borges, R.M. (2010).
Temporal association in fig–wasp–ant interactions: diel and phenological patterns.
Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 137:50–61.

Krishnan, A., Muralidharan, S., Sharma, L., Borges, R.M. (2010).
A hitchhiker’s guide to a crowded syconium: how do fig nematodes find the right ride?
Functional Ecology 24:741–749.

Ghara, M., Borges, R.M. (2010).
Comparative life-history traits in a fig wasp community: implications for community structure.
Ecological Entomology 35:139–148.

Dev, S.A., Shenoy, M., Borges, R.M. (2010).
Genetic and clonal diversity of the endemic ant-plant Humboldtia brunonis (Fabaceae) in the Western Ghats of India.
Journal of Biosciences 35:267–279.

Ranganathan, Y., Borges, R.M. (2010).
Reducing the babel in plant volatile communication: Using the forest to see the trees.
Plant Biology 12:735–742.

Somanathan, H.S., Warrant, E.J., Borges, R.M., Wallén, R., Kelber, A. (2009).
Resolution and sensitivity of the eyes of the Asian honeybees Apis florae, Apis cerana and Apis dorsata.
Journal of Experimental Biology 212:2448–2453.

Bhaskara, R.M., Brijesh, C.M., Ahmed, S., Borges R.M. (2009).
Perception of ultraviolet by crab spiders and its role in selection of hunting sites.
Journal of Comparative Physiology A 195:409–417.

Ranganathan, Y., Borges, R.M. (2009).
Predatory and trophobiont-tending ants respond differently to fig and fig wasp volatiles.
Animal Behaviour 77:1539–1545.

Somanathan, H.S., Kelber, A., Borges, R.M., Wallén, R., Warrant E.J. (2009).
Visual ecology of Indian carpenter bees II: adaptations of eyes and ocelli to diurnal and nocturnal lifestyles.
Journal of Comparative Physiology A 195:571–583.

Borges, R.M. (2009).
Of pungency, pain and naked mole rats: chili peppers revisited.
Journal of Biosciences 34:349–351.

Borges, R.M. (2008).
Plasticity comparisons between plants and animals: concepts and mechanisms.
Plant Signaling and Behavior 3: 367–375 [Invited Review].

Borges, R.M. (2008).
Why are there so many giants, including giant squirrels, in the Old World tropics?
Current Science 95:866–970 [Invited paper in Special Section on Arboreal Squirrels].

Borges, R.M., Bessière, J-M., Hossaert-McKey, M. (2008).
The chemical ecology of seed dispersal in monoecious and dioecious figs.
Functional Ecology 22:484–493.

Somanathan, H., Borges, R.M., Warrant, E.J., Kelber, A. (2008).
Nocturnal bees learn landmark colours in starlight.
Current Biology 18:R996–997.

Somanathan, H., Borges, R.M., Warrant, E.J., Kelber, A. (2008).
Visual ecology of Indian carpenter bees I: Light intensities and flight activity.
Journal of Comparative Physiology A 194:97–107.

Proffit, M., Schatz, B., Borges, R.M., Hossaert-McKey, M. (2007).
Chemical mediation and resource partitioning in non-pollinating fig wasp communities.
Journal of Animal Ecology 76:296–303.

Vignes, H., Hossaert-McKey, M., Beaune, D., Fevre, D., Anstett, M.-C., Borges, R.M., Kjellberg, F., Chevallier, M.H. (2006).
Development and characterization of microsatellite markers for a monoecious Ficus species, Ficus insipida, and cross-species amplification among different sections of Ficus.
Molecular Ecology Notes 6:792–795.

Prasad, B.R.G., Borges, R.M. (2006).
Searching on patch networks using correlated random walks: Space usage and optimal foraging predictions using Markov chain models.
Journal of Theoretical Biology 240:241–249.

Borges, R.M. (2006).
Pictures at an exhibition: bees view Van Gogh’s sunflowers.
Journal of Biosciences 31:503–505.

Borges, R.M. (2005).
Do plants and animals differ in phenotypic plasticity?
Journal of Biosciences 30:41–50

Borges, R.M. (2005).
The frontiers of India’s biological diversity.
Tropinet 16 : 1–3.

Mali, S., Borges, R.M. (2003).
Phenolics, alkaloids, saponins, and cyanogenic glycosides in a species-poor cloud forest in India.
Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 31:1221–1246.

Borges, R.M., Gowda, V., Zacharias, M. (2003).
Butterfly pollination and high- contrast visual signals in a low-density distylous plant.
Oecologia 136:571–573.

Borges, R.M. (2003).
The anatomy of ignorance or Ecology in a fragmented landscape: do we know what really counts?
Pages 56–85 In Battles Over Nature. Science and the Politics of Conservation. (V. Saberwal and M. Rangarajan, editors). Permanent Black, New Delhi.

Borges, R.M. (2002).
Warring ants: Lessons from Lanchester’s laws of combat?
Journal of Biosciences 27:75–78.

Somanathan, H., Borges, R. M. (2001).
Nocturnal pollination by the carpenter bee Xylocopa tenuiscapa (Apidae) and the effect of floral display on fruit set of Heterophragma quadriloculare (Bignoniaceae) in India.
Biotropica 33:78–89.

Borges, R.M. (2001).
Ant and human farmers face similar problems.
Journal of Biosciences 26:121–124.

Borges, R.M. (2001).
Why are chillies pungent?.
Journal of Biosciences 26:289–291.

Borges, R.M. (2000).
The anatomy of fragmentation.
Journal of the Indian Institute of Science 80:601–608.

Borges, R.M. (2000).
Book review of: Ecology: A Pocket Guide.
Ernest Callenbach. Universities Press (India) Ltd, 1999. Resonance 5:99–102.

Borges, R.M. (1999).
Book review of: The Ecology and Evolution of Inducible Defenses.
Ralph Tollrian and C. Drew Harvell (editors). Princeton University Press, 1999. Current Science 77:825–826.

Edge effects

Borges, R.M. (2000).
The anatomy of fragmentation.
Journal of the Indian Institute of Science 80:601–608.

Egg load

Yadav, P., Borges, R.M. (2018).
Why resource history matters: age and oviposition history affect oviposition behaviour in exploiters of a mutualism.
Ecological Entomology.

Ghara, M., Borges, R.M. (2010).
Comparative life-history traits in a fig wasp community: implications for community structure.
Ecological Entomology 35:139–148.

Yadav, P., Borges, R.M. (2018).
Why resource history matters: age and oviposition history affect oviposition behaviour in exploiters of a mutualism.
Ecological Entomology.

Ghara, M., Borges, R.M. (2010).
Comparative life-history traits in a fig wasp community: implications for community structure.
Ecological Entomology 35:139–148.

Elaeocarpus ganitrus

Borges, R.M. (2011).
The sacred in forests, trees and seeds: boon or bane of ecosystem services?
Invited Book Chapter In: Anthropology, Nutrition and Wildlife Conservation (Editors: Edmond Dounias, Igor de Garine and Valérie de Garine), Publisher: Estudios del Hombre, University of Guadalajara (Mexico).

Electrophysiology

Yadav, P., Borges, R.M. (2017).
The insect ovipositor as a volatile sensor within a closed microcosm.
Journal of Experimental Biology 220:1554–1557 [This paper is featured in: Inside Journal of Experimental Biology].

Endemic:Garcinia talbotii

Somanathan, H., Borges, R.M. (2000).
Influence of exploitation on population structure, plant spacing and reproductive success in dioecious tree species within a fragmented cloud forest in India.
Biological Conservation 94:243–256.

Ernst Mayr

Borges, R.M. (2008).
The objection is sustained: A defence of the defense of beanbag genetics.
International Journal of Epidemiology 37:451–454 [Invited Commentary].

Borges, R.M. (2005).
Ernst Mayr and evolutionary biology: polemics and synthesis.
Current Science 89:947–954.

Borges, R.M. (2005).
Polemics and synthesis: Ernst Mayr and evolutionary biology.
Resonance 10:21–33.

Ethical systems in animal societies

Borges, R.M. (1998).
Leviathan, natural selection, and ethics.
Current Science 74:750–758.

Ethics

Borges, R.M. (1998).
Leviathan, natural selection, and ethics.
Current Science 74:750–758.

Borges, R.M. (1997).
Ethics and evolution: Thomas Henry Huxley and the problem of evil.
Pages 61–66 In: Proceedings of the National Seminar on Bioethics. Indian Perspectives. Organised by the Indian Council of Philosophical Research and the Department of Philosophy, Goa University.

Evolution

Borges, R.M. (2017).
Co-niche construction between hosts and symbionts: ideas and evidence.
Journal of Genetics 96:483–489. [Invited paper for Special Issue on Evolutionary Biology].

Hossaert-McKey, M., Proffit, M., Soler, C.C.L., Chen, C., Bessière, J.-M., Schatz, B., Borges, R.M. (2016).
How to be a dioecious fig: Chemical mimicry between sexes matters only when both sexes flower synchronously.
Nature Scientific Reports 6:21236.

Borges, R. M. (2015).
Fruit and seed volatiles: Multiple stage settings, actors and props in an evolutionary play.
Journal of the Indian Institute of Science 95:93–104[Special issue on Plant Volatiles: R.M. Borges was Guest Editor].

Borges, R.M. (2015)
How mutualisms between plants and insects are stabilized.
Current Science 108:1862–1868. [Special issue on Evolutionary Biology in honour of death centenary of Alfred Russel Wallace]

Borges, R.M. (2013).
The Last Word.
Special Issue on Evolution. BBC Knowledge, April 2013.

Borges, R.M. (2011).
Living long or dying young in plants and animals: ecological patterns and evolutionary processes.
Invited Book Chapter. Pages 61–82 In: The Field of Biological Aging: Past, Present and Future (Editor: Abdullah Olgun), Publisher: Research Signpost.

Borges, R. M. (2009).
Phenotypic plasticity and longevity in plants and animals: cause and effect?
Journal of Biosciences 34:605–611.5

Borges, R.M. (2009).
Organic evolution.
Chapter 2, Pages 41–78 In: History of Science, Philosophy and Culture in Indian Civilization, volume XII Part 6: Life and Organicism, edited by NS Rangaswamy. Centre for Studies in Civilizations, New Delhi.

Borges, R.M. (2009).
Revolutions in evolutionary thought: Darwin and after.
Resonance 14:102–123.

Borges, R.M. (2008).
Why are there so many giants, including giant squirrels, in the Old World tropics?
Current Science 95:866–970 [Invited paper in Special Section on Arboreal Squirrels].

Borges, R.M. (2008).
The objection is sustained: A defence of the defense of beanbag genetics.
International Journal of Epidemiology 37:451–454 [Invited Commentary].

Borges, R.M. (2005).
Ernst Mayr and evolutionary biology: polemics and synthesis.
Current Science 89:947–954.

Borges, R.M. (2005).
Polemics and synthesis: Ernst Mayr and evolutionary biology.
Resonance 10:21–33.

Borges, R.M. (2002).
Stephen Jay Gould: A view of life.
1941–2002 Resonance 7:2–5.

Borges, R.M. (2001).
Ant and human farmers face similar problems.
Journal of Biosciences 26:121–124.

Borges, R.M. (2001).
Why are chillies pungent?.
Journal of Biosciences 26:289–291.

Borges, R.M. (2000).
Feverish honeybees.
Journal of Biosciences 25:215–216.

Borges, R.M. (2000).
How asymmetrical before it’s asymmetrical?.
Journal of Biosciences 25:121–122.

Borges, R.M. (2000).
Book review of: Levels of Selection in Evolution.
L. Keller (editor). Princeton University Press, 1999. Current Science 79:383–385.

Borges, R.M. (1999).
Book review of: The Ecology and Evolution of Inducible Defenses.
Ralph Tollrian and C. Drew Harvell (editors). Princeton University Press, 1999. Current Science 77:825–826.

Borges, R.M. (1998).
Leviathan, natural selection, and ethics.
Current Science 74:750–758.

Borges, R.M. (1998).
Gender in plants. Part II. More about why and how plants change sex.
Resonance 3:30–39.

Borges, R.M. (1998).
Gender in plants. Part I. Why do plants change sex?
Resonance 3:64–71.

Borges, R.M. (1998).
Clonal versus sexual fish–who wins?
Journal of Biosciences 23:166-167.

Borges, R.M. (1997).
Ethics and evolution: Thomas Henry Huxley and the problem of evil.
Pages 61–66 In: Proceedings of the National Seminar on Bioethics. Indian Perspectives. Organised by the Indian Council of Philosophical Research and the Department of Philosophy, Goa University.

Borges, R.M. (1997).
Evolution – the story of life.
National Council for Science and Technology, New Delhi.

Evolutionary stability

Hossaert-McKey, M., Proffit, M., Soler, C.C.L., Chen, C., Bessière, J.-M., Schatz, B., Borges, R.M. (2016).
How to be a dioecious fig: Chemical mimicry between sexes matters only when both sexes flower synchronously.
Nature Scientific Reports 6:21236.

Evolutionary ethics

Borges, R.M. (1998).
Leviathan, natural selection, and ethics.
Current Science 74:750–758.

Borges, R.M. (1997).
Ethics and evolution: Thomas Henry Huxley and the problem of evil.
Pages 61–66 In: Proceedings of the National Seminar on Bioethics. Indian Perspectives. Organised by the Indian Council of Philosophical Research and the Department of Philosophy, Goa University.

Evolutionary play

Borges, R. M. (2015).
Fruit and seed volatiles: Multiple stage settings, actors and props in an evolutionary play.
Journal of the Indian Institute of Science 95:93–104[Special issue on Plant Volatiles: R.M. Borges was Guest Editor].

Evolutionist

Borges, R.M. (2009).
Revolutions in evolutionary thought: Darwin and after.
Resonance 14:102–123.

Borges, R.M. (2008).
The objection is sustained: A defence of the defense of beanbag genetics.
International Journal of Epidemiology 37:451–454 [Invited Commentary].

Borges, R.M. (2005).
Ernst Mayr and evolutionary biology: polemics and synthesis.
Current Science 89:947–954.

Borges, R.M. (2005).
Polemics and synthesis: Ernst Mayr and evolutionary biology.
Resonance 10:21–33.

Borges, R.M. (2002).
Stephen Jay Gould: A view of life.
1941–2002 Resonance 7:2–5.

Borges, R.M. (1998).
Leviathan, natural selection, and ethics.
Current Science 74:750–758.

Borges, R.M. (1997).
Ethics and evolution: Thomas Henry Huxley and the problem of evil.
Pages 61–66 In: Proceedings of the National Seminar on Bioethics. Indian Perspectives. Organised by the Indian Council of Philosophical Research and the Department of Philosophy, Goa University.

Extended phenotype

Zachariah, N., Murthy, T.G., Borges, R.M. (2020).
Moisture alone is sufficient to impart strength but not weathering resistance to termite mound soil.
Royal Society Open Science 7:200485.

Extrafloral Nectar

Chanam, J., Kasinathan, S., Pramanik, G.K., Jagdeesh, A., Joshi, K.A., Borges, R.M. (2015).
Foliar extrafloral nectar of Humboldtia brunonis (Fabaceae), a paleotropical ant-plant, is richer than phloem sap and more attractive than honeydew.
Biotropica 47:1–5.

Chanam, J., Sheshshayee, M.S., Kasinathan, S., Jagdeesh, A., Joshi, K.A., Borges, R.M. (2014).
Nutritional benefits from domatia inhabitants in an ant–plant interaction: interlopers do pay the rent.
Functional Ecology 28:1107–1116 [Paper was featured in New Scientist].

Chanam, J., Kasinathan, S., Pramanik, G.K., Jagdeesh, A., Joshi, K.A., Borges, R.M. (2014).
Context dependency of rewards and services in an Indian ant– plant interaction: southern sites favour the mutualism between plants and ants.
Journal of Tropical Ecology 30:219–229.

Shenoy, M., Radhika, V., Satish, S., Borges, R.M. (2012).
Composition of extrafloral nectar influences interactions between the myrmecophyte Humboldtia brunonis and its ant associates.
Journal of Chemical Ecology 38:88–99.

Gaume, L., Shenoy, M., Zacharias, M., Borges, R.M. (2006).
Co-existence of ants and an arboreal earthworm in a myrmecophyte of the Indian Western Ghats: anti-predation effect of the earthworm mucus.
Journal of Tropical Ecology 22:1–4.

Gaume, L., Zacharias, M., Grosbois, V., Borges, R.M. (2005).
The fitness consequences of bearing domatia and having the right ant partner: experiments with protective and non-protective ants in a semi-myrmecophyte.
Oecologia 145:76–86.

Gaume, L., Zacharias, M., Borges, R. M. (2005).
Ant–plant conflicts and a novel case of castration parasitism in a myrmecophyte.
Evolutionary Ecology Research 7:435–452.

Eyes

Borges, R.M. (2018).
Dark matters: challenges of nocturnal communication between plants and animals in delivery of pollination services.
Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine 91: 33–42.

Somanathan, H., Borges, R.M., Warrant, E.J., Kelber, A. (2017).
Visual adaptations for mate detection in the male carpenter bee Xylocopa tenuiscapa.
PLoS One 12:e0168452.

Somanathan, H.S., Warrant, E.J., Borges, R.M., Wallén, R., Kelber, A. (2009).
Resolution and sensitivity of the eyes of the Asian honeybees Apis florae, Apis cerana and Apis dorsata.
Journal of Experimental Biology 212:2448–2453.

Somanathan, H.S., Kelber, A., Borges, R.M., Wallén, R., Warrant E.J. (2009).
Visual ecology of Indian carpenter bees II: adaptations of eyes and ocelli to diurnal and nocturnal lifestyles.
Journal of Comparative Physiology A 195:571–583.

Borges, R.M. (2009).
Organic evolution.
Chapter 2, Pages 41–78 In: History of Science, Philosophy and Culture in Indian Civilization, volume XII Part 6: Life and Organicism, edited by NS Rangaswamy. Centre for Studies in Civilizations, New Delhi.

Somanathan, H., Borges, R.M., Warrant, E.J., Kelber, A. (2008).
Nocturnal bees learn landmark colours in starlight.
Current Biology 18:R996–997.

Somanathan, H., Borges, R.M., Warrant, E.J., Kelber, A. (2008).
Visual ecology of Indian carpenter bees I: Light intensities and flight activity.
Journal of Comparative Physiology A 194:97–107.