M

Magod

Borges, R.M. (1986).
On the occurrence of the Ceylon Frogmouth (Batrachostomus moniliger) in North Kanara, Karnataka.
Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 83:200.

Borges, R.M. (1986).
Possible play between the Indian Giant Squirrel (Ratufa indica indica) and the Common Langur (Presbytis entellus).
Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 83:197.

Malabar Giant Squirrel

Borges, R. M. (2015).
The Indian Giant Squirrel Ratufa indica.
Pages 483–500 In: Mammals of South Asia. Volume 2 (A.J.T. Johnsingh and N. Manjrekar, editors). Universities Press, Hyderabad.

Borges, R.M. (2008).
Why are there so many giants, including giant squirrels, in the Old World tropics?
Current Science 95:866–970 [Invited paper in Special Section on Arboreal Squirrels].

Somanathan, H., Mali, S., Borges, R.M. (2007).
Arboreal larder-hoarding in the tropical Indian giant squirrel Ratufa indica.
Ecoscience 14:165–169.

Mali, S., Borges, R.M. (2003).
Phenolics, alkaloids, saponins, and cyanogenic glycosides in a species-poor cloud forest in India.
Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 31:1221–1246.

Borges, R.M. (1998).
Spatiotemporal heterogeneity of food availability and dietary variation between individuals of the Malabar Giant Squirrel Ratufa indica.
Pages 99–111 In: Ecology and Evolutionary Biology of Tree Squirrels (J. F. Merritt and D. A. Zegers, editors). Special Publication, Virginia Museum of Natural History, USA.

Borges, R.M. (1996).
Contributions to the identification, distribution, and ecology of some Indian species of endangered mammals.
(I. Mallik, editor). TRAFFIC-India Identification Manual, WWF (India), New Delhi.

Borges, R.M. (1993).
Figs and Malabar Giant Squirrels in two tropical forests in India.
Biotropica 25:183–190.

Borges, R.M. (1992).
A nutritional analysis of foraging in the Malabar Giant Squirrel (Ratufa indica).
Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 47:1–21.

Borges, R. M. (1990).
Sexual and site differences in calcium consumption by the Malabar Giant Squirrel Ratufa indica.
Oecologia 85:80–86.

Borges, R.M. (1986).
Possible play between the Indian Giant Squirrel (Ratufa indica indica) and the Common Langur (Presbytis entellus).
Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 83:197.

Borges, R.M. (1986).
Predation attempt by the black eagle (Ictinaetus malayensis perniger) on the Indian Giant Squirrel (Ratufa indica elphinstonei).
Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 83 (Suppl.): 203.

Marathi

Borges, R.M. and Rao, M.K. 2014.
The biology of giant squirrels: A census manual.
Maharashtra Forest Department. In Marathi (translated from English).

Mate choice

Borges, R.M. (2000).
How asymmetrical before it’s asymmetrical?.
Journal of Biosciences 25:121–122.

Mate detection

Somanathan, H., Borges, R.M., Warrant, E.J., Kelber, A. (2017).
Visual adaptations for mate detection in the male carpenter bee Xylocopa tenuiscapa.
PLoS One 12:e0168452.

Mate recognition

Krishnan, A., Joshi, K.A., Abraham, A., Ayyub, S., Lahiry, M., Mukherjee, R., Javadekar, S.M., Narayan, V., Borges, R.M. (2013).
Finding hidden females in a crowd: Mate recognition in fig wasps.
Acta Oecologica 57:80–87.

Mechanobiology

Kandasami, R.K., Borges, R.M., Murthy, T.G. (2016).
Effect of biocementation on the strength and stability of termite mounds.
Environmental Geotechnics 3:99–113.

Metabolic rate

Venkateswaran, V., Shrivastava, A., Kumble, A.L., Borges, R.M. (2017).
Life-history strategy, resource dispersion and phylogenetic associations shape dispersal of a fig wasp community.
Movement Ecology 5:25.

Microbes

Borges, R.M. (2017).
Co-niche construction between hosts and symbionts: ideas and evidence.
Journal of Genetics 96:483–489. [Invited paper for Special Issue on Evolutionary Biology].

Katariya, L., Ramesh, P.B., Gopalappa, T., Borges, R.M. (2017).
Sex and diversity: the mutualistic and parasitic fungi of a fungus-growing termite differ in genetic diversity and reproductive strategy.
Fungal Ecology 26:20–27.

Borges, R. M. (2015).
Fruit and seed volatiles: Multiple stage settings, actors and props in an evolutionary play.
Journal of the Indian Institute of Science 95:93–104[Special issue on Plant Volatiles: R.M. Borges was Guest Editor].

Microclimate

Katariya, L., Ramesh, P.B., Borges, R.M. (2017).
Dynamic environments of fungus‐farming termite mounds exert growth‐modulating effects on fungal crop parasites.
Environmental Microbiology.

Microcosm,Multitrophic interactions

Borges, R.M. (2021).
Interactions between figs and gall-inducing fig wasps: adaptations, constraints and unanswered questions.
Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 9:685542.

Microsatelite markers

Vignes, H., Hossaert-McKey, M., Beaune, D., Fevre, D., Anstett, M.-C., Borges, R.M., Kjellberg, F., Chevallier, M.H. (2006).
Development and characterization of microsatellite markers for a monoecious Ficus species, Ficus insipida, and cross-species amplification among different sections of Ficus.
Molecular Ecology Notes 6:792–795.

Mimicry

Hossaert-McKey, M., Proffit, M., Soler, C.C.L., Chen, C., Bessière, J.-M., Schatz, B., Borges, R.M. (2016).
How to be a dioecious fig: Chemical mimicry between sexes matters only when both sexes flower synchronously.
Nature Scientific Reports 6:21236.

Borges, R.M., Ahmed, S., Prabhu, V. (2007).
Male ant-mimicking salticid spiders choose between retreat silks of sympatric females: implications for pre-mating reproductive isolation.
Journal of Insect Behavior 20:389–402.

Modern Evolutionary Synthesis

Borges, R.M. (2009).
Organic evolution.
Chapter 2, Pages 41–78 In: History of Science, Philosophy and Culture in Indian Civilization, volume XII Part 6: Life and Organicism, edited by NS Rangaswamy. Centre for Studies in Civilizations, New Delhi.

Borges, R.M. (2009).
Revolutions in evolutionary thought: Darwin and after.
Resonance 14:102–123.

Borges, R.M. (2005).
Ernst Mayr and evolutionary biology: polemics and synthesis.
Current Science 89:947–954.

Borges, R.M. (2005).
Polemics and synthesis: Ernst Mayr and evolutionary biology.
Resonance 10:21–33.

Molecular Ecology

Krishnan, A., Borges, R.M. (2018).
A fig tree in a concrete jungle: fine-scale population genetic structure of the cluster fig Ficus racemosa in an urban environment.
Urban Ecosystems 21:171–181.

Katariya, L., Ramesh, P.B., Gopalappa, T., Borges, R.M. (2017).
Sex and diversity: the mutualistic and parasitic fungi of a fungus-growing termite differ in genetic diversity and reproductive strategy.
Fungal Ecology 26:20–27.

Bain, A., Borges, R.M., Chevallier, M.H., Vignes, H., Kobmoo, N., Peng, Y.Q., Cruaud, A., Rasplus, J.Y., Kjellberg, F. and Hossaert-Mckey, M. (2016).
Geographic structuring into vicariant species-pairs in a wide-ranging, high- dispersal plant–insect mutualism: the case of Ficus racemosa and its pollinating wasps.
Evolutionary Ecology 30:663–684.

Dev, S. A., Kjellberg, F., Hossaert-McKey, M., Borges, R.M. (2010).
Fine- scale population genetic structure of two dioecious keystone species Ficus hispida and Ficus exasperata.
Biotropica 43:309–316.

Dev, S.A., Shenoy, M., Borges, R.M. (2010).
Genetic and clonal diversity of the endemic ant-plant Humboldtia brunonis (Fabaceae) in the Western Ghats of India.
Journal of Biosciences 35:267–279.

Vignes, H., Hossaert-McKey, M., Beaune, D., Fevre, D., Anstett, M.-C., Borges, R.M., Kjellberg, F., Chevallier, M.H. (2006).
Development and characterization of microsatellite markers for a monoecious Ficus species, Ficus insipida, and cross-species amplification among different sections of Ficus.
Molecular Ecology Notes 6:792–795.

Monoecy

Ranganathan, Y., Borges, R.M. (2010).
Reducing the babel in plant volatile communication: Using the forest to see the trees.
Plant Biology 12:735–742.

Borges, R.M., Bessière, J-M., Hossaert-McKey, M. (2008).
The chemical ecology of seed dispersal in monoecious and dioecious figs.
Functional Ecology 22:484–493.

Moonlight

Somanathan, H., Krishna, S., Jos, E. M., Gowda, V., Kelber, A., Borges, R.M. (2020).
Nocturnal Bees Feed on Diurnal Leftovers and Pay the Price of Day – Night Lifestyle Transition.
Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution.

Somanathan, H.S., Warrant, E.J., Borges, R.M., Wallén, R., Kelber, A. (2009).
Resolution and sensitivity of the eyes of the Asian honeybees Apis florae, Apis cerana and Apis dorsata.
Journal of Experimental Biology 212:2448–2453.

Somanathan, H., Borges, R.M., Warrant, E.J., Kelber, A. (2008).
Nocturnal bees learn landmark colours in starlight.
Current Biology 18:R996–997.

Somanathan, H., Borges, R.M., Warrant, E.J., Kelber, A. (2008).
Visual ecology of Indian carpenter bees I: Light intensities and flight activity.
Journal of Comparative Physiology A 194:97–107.

Somanathan, H., Borges, R. M. (2001).
Nocturnal pollination by the carpenter bee Xylocopa tenuiscapa (Apidae) and the effect of floral display on fruit set of Heterophragma quadriloculare (Bignoniaceae) in India.
Biotropica 33:78–89.

Somanathan, H., Krishna, S., Jos, E. M., Gowda, V., Kelber, A., Borges, R.M. (2020).
Nocturnal Bees Feed on Diurnal Leftovers and Pay the Price of Day – Night Lifestyle Transition.
Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution.

Somanathan, H.S., Warrant, E.J., Borges, R.M., Wallén, R., Kelber, A. (2009).
Resolution and sensitivity of the eyes of the Asian honeybees Apis florae, Apis cerana and Apis dorsata.
Journal of Experimental Biology 212:2448–2453.

Somanathan, H., Borges, R.M., Warrant, E.J., Kelber, A. (2008).
Nocturnal bees learn landmark colours in starlight.
Current Biology 18:R996–997.

Somanathan, H., Borges, R.M., Warrant, E.J., Kelber, A. (2008).
Visual ecology of Indian carpenter bees I: Light intensities and flight activity.
Journal of Comparative Physiology A 194:97–107.

Somanathan, H., Borges, R. M. (2001).
Nocturnal pollination by the carpenter bee Xylocopa tenuiscapa (Apidae) and the effect of floral display on fruit set of Heterophragma quadriloculare (Bignoniaceae) in India.
Biotropica 33:78–89.

Morphology

Chanam, J., Borges, R.M. (2017).
Cauline domatia of the ant-plant Humboldtia brunonis (Fabaceae).
Flora 236:58–66.

Ghara, M., Kundanati, L., Borges, R.M. (2011).
Nature’s Swiss army knives: ovipositor structure mirrors ecology in a multitrophic fig wasp community.
PLOS One 6:e23642.

Multimodal signaling

Borges, R.M. (2018).
Dark matters: challenges of nocturnal communication between plants and animals in delivery of pollination services.
Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine 91: 33–42.

Borges, R. M. (2015).
Fruit and seed volatiles: Multiple stage settings, actors and props in an evolutionary play.
Journal of the Indian Institute of Science 95:93–104[Special issue on Plant Volatiles: R.M. Borges was Guest Editor].

Multitrophic interactions

Borges, R.M. (2021).
Interactions between figs and gall-inducing fig wasps: adaptations, constraints and unanswered questions.
Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 9:685542.

Borges, R.M. (2018).
The galling truth: limited knowledge of gall-associated volatiles in multitrophic interactions.
Frontiers in Plant Science 9:1130.

Mussaenda frondosa

Borges, R.M., Gowda, V., Zacharias, M. (2003).
Butterfly pollination and high- contrast visual signals in a low-density distylous plant.
Oecologia 136:571–573.

Mutualism

Borges, R.M. (2021).
Interactions between figs and gall-inducing fig wasps: adaptations, constraints and unanswered questions.
Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 9:685542.

Venkateshwaran, V. & Borges, R.M. (2021).
Staying in the club: Exploring criteria governing metacommunity membership for obligate symbionts under host–symbiont feedback.
Journal of Theoretical Biology. 510:110512.

Borges, R.M. (2016).
On the air: broadcasting and reception of volatile messages in brood-site pollination mutualisms.
Pages 227–255 In Deciphering Chemical Language of Plant Communication (James D Blande, Robert Glinwood, Editors), Springer International Publishing.

Krishnan, A., Ghara, M., Kasinathan, S., Pramanik, G. K., Revadi, S., Borges, R. M. (2015).
Plant reproductive traits mediate tritrophic feedback effects within an obligate brood-site pollination mutualism.
Oecologia 179:797–809.

Borges, R.M. (2015)
How mutualisms between plants and insects are stabilized.
Current Science 108:1862–1868. [Special issue on Evolutionary Biology in honour of death centenary of Alfred Russel Wallace].

Chanam, J., Kasinathan, S., Pramanik, G.K., Jagdeesh, A., Joshi, K.A., Borges, R.M. (2015).
Foliar extrafloral nectar of Humboldtia brunonis (Fabaceae), a paleotropical ant-plant, is richer than phloem sap and more attractive than honeydew.
Biotropica 47:1–5.

Krishnan, A., Pramanik, G. K., Revadi, S. V., Venkateswaran, V., Borges, R.M. (2014).
High temperatures result in smaller nurseries which lower reproduction of pollinators and parasites in a brood site pollination mutualism.
PLOS ONE 9: e115118.

Chanam, J., Sheshshayee, M.S., Kasinathan, S., Jagdeesh, A., Joshi, K.A., Borges, R.M. (2014).
Nutritional benefits from domatia inhabitants in an ant–plant interaction: interlopers do pay the rent.
Functional Ecology 28:1107–1116 [Paper was featured in New Scientist].

Krishnan, A., Borges, R.M. (2014).
Parasites exert conflicting selection pressures to affect reproductive asynchrony of their host plant in an obligate pollination mutualism.
Journal of Ecology 102:1329–1340.

Chanam, J., Kasinathan, S., Pramanik, G.K., Jagdeesh, A., Joshi, K.A., Borges, R.M. (2014).
Context dependency of rewards and services in an Indian ant– plant interaction: southern sites favour the mutualism between plants and ants.
Journal of Tropical Ecology 30:219–229.

Gaume, L., Shenoy, M., Zacharias, M., Borges, R.M. (2006).
Co-existence of ants and an arboreal earthworm in a myrmecophyte of the Indian Western Ghats: anti-predation effect of the earthworm mucus.
Journal of Tropical Ecology 22:1–4.

Mycotêtes

Katariya, L., Ramesh, P.B., Gopalappa, T., Borges, R.M. (2017).
Sex and diversity: the mutualistic and parasitic fungi of a fungus-growing termite differ in genetic diversity and reproductive strategy.
Fungal Ecology 26:20–27.

Myrmecophyte

Dev, S.A., Shenoy, M., Borges, R.M. (2010).
Genetic and clonal diversity of the endemic ant-plant Humboldtia brunonis (Fabaceae) in the Western Ghats of India.
Journal of Biosciences 35:267–279.

Myrmicaria brunnea

Shenoy, M., Radhika, V., Satish, S., Borges, R.M. (2012).
Composition of extrafloral nectar influences interactions between the myrmecophyte Humboldtia brunonis and its ant associates.
Journal of Chemical Ecology 38:88–99.

Ghara, M., Kundanati, L., Borges, R.M. (2011).
Nature’s Swiss army knives: ovipositor structure mirrors ecology in a multitrophic fig wasp community.
PLOS One 6:e23642.

Ranganathan, Y., Ghara, M., Borges, R.M. (2010).
Temporal association in fig–wasp–ant interactions: diel and phenological patterns.
Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 137:50–61.

Ranganathan, Y., Borges, R.M. (2009).
Predatory and trophobiont-tending ants respond differently to fig and fig wasp volatiles.
Animal Behaviour 77:1539–1545.